The main raw material of 11oz ceramic mug

The main raw material of ceramic cup

Ceramics come mostly from rock, which is mostly made of silicon and aluminum. Ceramics also use such rocks as raw materials, after artificial heating to make it strong, much like the formation of igneous rocks. So chemically, the composition of ceramic is not very different from the composition of rock. If it is a ceramic made of silicon and aluminum, the main raw materials are as follows:

1. Quartz -- the chemical composition is pure silica (SiO2), also known as silica. This mineral is not viscous even when crushed into a fine powder, which can be used to make up for the overviscosity of ceramic materials. Above 780℃, it becomes unstable and scaly quartz, and begins to melt at 1730℃.

2 feldspar - is based on silica and alumina, and mixed with sodium, potassium, calcium and other compounds. There are many kinds because of the amount they contain. Generally there are more rocks containing feldspar called feldspar, there are also named after its origin. Now the feldspar representative of several species and their composition are listed in Table 1. The first three are purely theoretical and the latter contains all the impure material in the rock.

Albite and anorthite melt in various proportions to form a variety of feldspars. These are called "plagioclase", and their properties depend on the proportion of albite and anorthite contained therein. There is a and orthoclase (potassium feldspar) for the same composition and the shape of a slight variation, so far also more misreported as orthoclase, in fact, this should be called "microplagioclase".

3. China clay (also known as "kaolin") - China clay (H4Al2Si2O9) is the main raw material of ceramics. It is named after the High mountain near Jingdezhen, China, which is produced in the world kiln factory. Later, the Chinese pronunciation of "Gao Ling" evolved into "Kaolin", and became an international noun. Pure China clay is a white or off-white, soft mineral with a silky luster.

China clay is formed by the metamorphism of mica and feldspar, the loss of sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, etc., and the change of water. This effect is called "China clay" or "kaolinization". As for the cause of China clay, although there is still no conclusion in the academic circle, but generally can be considered as feldspar due to hot springs or water containing carbonate gas and the moorland plant decay when the gas metamorphism. In general, China clay occurs near hot springs or around layers of lime, which may be the reason. The melting point of China clay is about 1780℃, in fact, because it contains more or less impure material, so its melting point is slightly reduced.

There is not much pure China clay (kaolin) in stock, and so-called pure China clay does not have the strong viscosity of clay. When viewed under a microscope, most of what is generally known as China clay has a silvery white sheen and is very small crystals. This is called pure China clay. In addition, it contains fragments of unmetamorphic feldspar, quartz, iron ore, and other rocks as sources of China clay.

The composition of pure China clay is: SiO2 46.51%, Al2O3 39.54%, H2O 13.95%, melting 1780℃.

Among ceramics is porcelain. What kind of rock is good for porcelain? Because China is white. It is therefore necessary to avoid the presence of iron, which dyes the ceramic. Less iron and silica and alumina as the main components of the rocks are: granite, granite porphyry, quartz porphyry, quartz trachyte and by the collapse of such rocks and diagenesis.

Here said granite and quartz trachyte (that is, in igneous rock also contains silica and alumina especially much and little iron molecules), are based on quartz, feldspar, and contains a number of mica and rich in iron (iron oxide) black green or black brown minerals. If you look closely at these rocks, you will see many transparent particles like glass and bright white or reddish particles like porcelain. The former is quartz and the latter is feldspar. The four kinds of rocks have the same chemical composition, but they form different rocks because of the different sizes of feldspar and quartz particles. All granites are composed of relatively large particles (1~7 mm in diameter). Quartz trachyte is the presence of small grains of quartz and feldspar in a dense plain where no grains are visible. Granite porphyry and quartz porphyry are in between and contain large grains of quartz in a compact plain. The DIFFERENCES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THESE ROCKS mainly LIE IN THE time from MOLTEN MAGMA to cold SETTING, with GRANITE BEING longer, quartz trachophyte SHORTER, and GRANITE PORPHYRY and quartz porphyry BEING COLD set in the interval between them. Ceramic is made of rock as raw material, and therefore does not have rock-like particles, the main reason is that ceramic raw materials do not melt at high temperatures like rock, at the same time, the need for a short cold setting time, this is the difference between natural rock and artificial rock, namely ceramic. Sometimes things of the same composition as quartz trachyte flow down to the ground in a molten state, and are suddenly frozen, so that they do not contain the grains of quartz and feldspar which are visible to the naked eye, but form the same glass, which is called obsidian and barite. Thus it can be seen that the essence of rock and ceramic is the same, only natural and artificial difference.

Semi-granite and pegmatite granites contain more silica in granites. The former feldspar and quartz particles are small, the latter is formed by the large feldspar and quartz particles. Some of them in a certain part of the concentration of the same material, and become pure quartz veins, or pure feldspar veins, but also some transformed into semi-granite (some places with the original semi-granite as ceramic raw materials).